Many major cities around the world are built near water, and some even have islands within them. Roosevelt Island in New York is one example. Another is a small island in the centre of Paris, home to one of the world’s most famous cathedrals.

The island is called Île de la Cité. Despite covering just 22.5 hectares (around 56 acres), it has played a huge part in the history of the French capital. According to the Paris Discovery Guide, it was once home to the Parisi tribes, believed to be the city’s earliest settlers. In the 4th century, it became the site of a Roman fortress, and by 508, Clovis I, the first King of the Franks, had made it his royal residence.

But the island’s most famous landmark is the Cathedral of Notre-Dame. 

Construction began in 1163 and was completed nearly a century later. 

Its Gothic architecture, stained-glass rose windows, flying buttresses and detailed stone carvings have made it one of the most iconic churches in the world.

Notre-Dame has also hosted major events throughout history from Napoleon’s coronation to celebrations after the liberation of Paris in 1944. 

A devastating fire in 2019 badly damaged the structure, but after years of restoration, it reopened in December 2024.

But the island has more to offer than just the cathedral.

Nearby is Sainte-Chapelle, a 13th-century royal chapel built to house sacred relics. 

Its 15 huge stained-glass windows depict over 1,100 biblical scenes, and many visitors say the interior is one of the most beautiful in Paris.

Also on the island is the Conciergerie, a former royal palace that became an infamous prison during the French Revolution. 

It’s best known as the place where Marie Antoinette was held before her execution.