The United Nations migration agency says internal displacement in Haiti, largely caused by gang violence, has tripled over the last year and now surpasses one million people — a record in the Caribbean nation.

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) reported on Tuesday that "relentless gang violence" in the capital, Port-au-Prince, has fuelled a near-doubling of displacement there and a collapse of health care and other services, as well as worsening food insecurity. Haiti is one of the poorest countries in the world.

"The latest data reveals that 1,041,000 people, many displaced multiple times, are struggling amidst an intensifying humanitarian crisis," the Geneva-based agency said in a statement. Children make up more than half of the displaced population.

The figure marks a three-fold increase in displacement from the 315,000 in December 2023, the IOM said.

Agency spokesperson Kennedy Okoth told a UN briefing in Geneva that the forced return of about 200,000 people — mostly from neighbouring Dominican Republic — to Haiti over the last year had worsened the crisis. Both countries share the Caribbean island of Hispaniola.

Okoth said the number of displacement sites in Port-au-Prince has risen from 73 to 108 over the last year.

WATCH | At least 110 people massacred by Haiti gang, rights group says:

Haiti gang massacres at least 110 people, rights group says

At least 110 people were killed in Haiti's Cite Soleil slum when a gang leader targeted elderly people he suspected of causing his child's illness through witchcraft, the National Human Rights Defense Network says.

The outgoing administration of U.S. President Joe Biden has strongly supported and expanded a temporary status program, which allows some foreign nationals from countries like El Salvador, Haiti and Venezuela to remain in the United States.

U.S. president-elect Donald Trump and his running mate, J.D. Vance, have suggested that they would scale back the use of the program and policies that grant temporary status, as they pursue mass deportations. U.S. federal regulations would allow the extensions to be terminated early, although that's never been done before.

Asked whether the IOM had any concerns about possible changes to such U.S. protections, Okoth declined to comment about any specific country.

But he said that "deportation or any forced returns to countries that are already facing mounting security and humanitarian challenges is not something that is going to be beneficial to the group."